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April 28, 2006

Germany's Future Depends in Part on PR

I have spent the entire week in Germany (with the exception of a day in Amsterdam), spending time at major German companies such as Allianz, Burda Schering, and VW. As always, I come away impressed by the glamour of Munich, the efficiency of Frankfurt, the gritty edgy feeling of Berlin and the lovely orderly life in Bonn. Angela Merkel's election as Prime Minister has given new hope, as her popularity soars above 70% (note that she is in a coalition government because she barely won a majority of votes). The Government has embarked on a feel good PR campaign that coincides with hosting the World Cup, replete with giant exhibits of German innovation such as aspirin (large pill in the center of Berlin). The reality of the country, however, is very much in another place, with government and business moving along divergent paths and with people raising their savings levels because they lack confidence in the government's ability to deliver on promised pensions after retirement.

Here are some important facts:

  • German companies are now benchmarking with their global competitors, not just with each other. Major companies are embarked on serious downsizing of the local work force. Volkswagen will lay off people because wages and benefits (increases granted in the happier 80s and 90s) have caused this mid-priced auto company to be uncompetitive.
  • The cross-holding of shares by big German companies is ending, as major financial institutions such as Deutsche Bank and Allianz focus on their core businesses. This implies a lesser role for Government as arbiter in disputes. There continues to be movement to mergers aimed at economies of scale, such as the recent Bayer-Schering deal.
  • There is a new form of European corporate governance, the SE (European Society), that allows companies to escape from the constraints of German corporate governance, with equal number of labor and business representatives on the board. That means rejection of the traditional German model of consensus among government, business and labor.
  • Germans have historically desired high quality, hence high priced, products. Now the most popular ad campaign for a retailer has the theme, "Cheap Is Cool." Small retailers are losing out to mass volume retailers, as labor unions block the ability to compete on convenience in the form of 24 hour stores. Korean and other lower priced cars are finding their way into the market.
  • The German public is seriously worried about the future, with unemployment stuck at 12%, with an impending increase in the value added tax (VAT) from 16 to 19% starting in January, 2007 and with questions about the viability of the government pension scheme.

    Given this daunting set of challenges, what is the way forward for the country? And why do I believe that PR is a fundamental part of any effective strategy?

    First, change, especially drastic change, only works with a positive vision of the future. Horst Teltschik, former national security advisor, has the right idea and said it eloquently in our meeting on Thursday. "The question for this economy is how to get beyond constant restructuring and cost reduction. We have to grow again as we did in the late 80s. We have to grow by innovation. We have to make our products superior to the competition, to be category leaders, not price competitors." So PR message #1 is for Germany to own innovation.

    Second, most of the change messages I have seen from German CEOs are couched in McKinsey language of best-in-class or scale economies or productivity metrics. I will probably have my Harvard Business school diploma declared null and void for this comment. But I have never seen a work force do better simply on the basis of compulsion and fear of job loss. Everyone wants to be on a winning team, with shared values and common purpose. There must be a rational and emotional approach, right and left brain working together. So PR message #2 is we do this together, listening to our work force and inspiring them, opening direct and regular communication with workers, not simply through the union at the negotiating table. I saw a terrific example of this type of thinking at Schering, where there are town hall meetings every week and daily updates on the company web site on progress of the integration with Bayer. Encourage employees to blog, even at times to be critical of the company--the clear show of support for employee voice is critical.

    Third, country identity today is tied up with the success of the companies based in that nation (note rise of Korea is partly linked to dramatic rise of Samsung). The Edelman Trust Barometer 2006 found that German companies were the most trusted around the world. Yet there is a strange reticence to impose any central control, leading to a federalized and localized approach. Yet now more than ever, as jobs are being moved from Germany to faster growing markets like China and Eastern Europe, the self confidence of the home market requires recognition of German attributes such as design, innovation and care for the environment. Fear of being "too German" because of historic burdens is no longer the right approach--Brand Germany has to be about the future.

    These need to be universal messages from German companies wherever they operate. So PR message #3 is central creative control, with local implementation.

    The role of PR is essential in a time of drastic change. Only through a completely transparent approach that shows the path to a better future can Germany achieve its full potential. Let me know what you think.

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    Posted by Edelman at April 28, 2006 4:20 PM

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    Comments

    I'm not sure whether Edleman has the German client in China market. As my experience, though the German clients put the China market as a very high position and mark the growing data in the financial report even the annual report, they have very slow counterattack action to the competitors in the market. In PR campaign or strategy, it's the same situation.

    Posted by: Sara Zhao at April 30, 2006 2:23 AM


    Let me get this straight... Unemployment is at 12% and there's going to be a tax increase?

    I've never heard of a country that successfully taxed itself into prosperity. I wish them luck.

    Posted by: Phil Gomes at April 30, 2006 1:16 PM


    First of all I hope you had a good time.
    Then, something is wrong with the mood in Germany and the issues you address do play a role. While I agree that PR needs to play a role in straightening the ship, there are several factors which will hinder a PR-induced push.
    1. "We" are still running a "each man for himself" kind of race - a fundamental shift to a joint effort is needed.
    2. You will have trouble getting enough companies to change to a transparent communications model because the way most of the operate at the moment, profit is valued higher than the humans producing the profit.-> How do you sell "let's all work together for joint success" when companies are closing factories although they are profitable just because the same factories overseas make more profit?
    3. Something is wrong with the media. With the current editing e.g. in the main news programm on TV you will have trouble getting the message into the programm.

    The process you'd like to see can only come from within companies or from within communities. My guess is that it will take a long while until "we" get there.

    Posted by: Sebastian Keil at May 1, 2006 8:46 AM


    Good Afternoon Richard,
    I'm a second year student in PR in London, and my opinion is a student's one not a professional one, but according to what I understand of the PR activity, I think that what you said about the PR role in the perception of the positive future of the Germany is not enough.
    I was born and lived in France for almost all of my life but my parents come from Cameroon, and I have been particularly concerned with the troubles that French government faces against the CPE (first employment contract) as I found that although it was right, it missed its essential task to communicate with French people, particularly the opinion leader, by explaining why this contract was so important for the future of the France.
    I think that like the majority of European Countries, Germany has to face the aggressive competition of countries such as China or, closer, from Eastern Europe countries.
    I agree with you when you say that PR is particularly essential in this drastic period to draw a positive picture of our future. It is important to believe in the future. But I think that PRO will miss their objectives as the French government did, if you don't highlight first the economic reality: the truth is that the world is changing. I think that the real transparency is to tell them that being competitive has a price: companies will continue to close their plants to make profit and more and more the labour market will become hard, specially for those people with low academic qualifications or not qualifications at all.
    Peugeot closed its plant last week in England, and I think that it will be very hard to explain to all of these former employees that they have to believe in the future, whereas most of them think that they have been betrayed.
    Whatever the number of personal blog and internal communication PR people will set, employees won't believe them.
    As I said earlier, you're right when you say that PR can help to draw a better image of the future, but I think that this point of view will apply for a particular audience.
    To be totally effective, I think that PR should work more closely with the government and the companies to design more tailored messages that address the fear and the angry of thousands unemployed people to show them that everything is done to help them.
    Dyane

    Posted by: Dyane Ekwe Bell at May 1, 2006 8:56 AM


    DE you are right. The best PR is about an honest assessment of the future, so the German people know the true face of global competition. We are going to be key to the success of any strategy because belief comes through understanding and vision. Thanks for writing.

    Posted by: Richard Edelman at May 1, 2006 11:18 AM


    Sara,
    Very insightful comment. In fact German companies look to China for a key aspect of a growth strategy.

    Posted by: Richard Edelman at May 1, 2006 11:19 AM


    Sebastian

    The tough choices in business require moving jobs and making change. But the context must be explained and the employees given a real sense of the future.

    Posted by: Richard Edelman at May 1, 2006 11:23 AM


    One thing that we really need when it comes to the need for PR is a totally different approach when valuing the potential of public relations. In many German companies today, the battle between PR and marketing is still won by the latter. The mental shift is to use PR to open and develop communities which will then be open to marketing measures. The real challenge for marketers will be the ability to surrender control to the consumer.

    Posted by: Magnus Wied at May 2, 2006 5:19 AM


    I go beyond even the marketing versus PR argument. I think that the management consultants and investor relations folks also win out over PR. The idea that the less a CEO says the better is their mantra. I totally disagree with it. I use Klaus Kleinfeld at Siemens as a model--he writes a blog each week and 7,000 people in the Siemens global empire are reading it. Thanks for writing. By the way, can you have Heiko contact me please

    Posted by: Richard Edelman at May 2, 2006 2:44 PM


    Thanks for the reply. Sure, employee communications need to improve, but that alone will not win over Germany. I agree with Magnus that PR is still seen at the "also-ran" in the marketing mix. I see your vision, but unfortunately you can convince only one at a time to understand the changed media landscape we now live in.

    Posted by: Sebastian at May 3, 2006 3:42 AM


    Hi Richard,

    What you seem to be alluding to is that a pivotal role that German companies and their suppliers could play is ensuring their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs are properly coordianted and aligned to really addressing the interests and concerns of their stakeholders.

    I would assume that in an increasingly complex economy with the EU, with deepening economic, social and environmental inequities, stakeholders (including shareholders, analysts, regulators, activists, unions, employees, community organisations, and media) demand companies be accountable not only for their own performance, but that of their entire supply chains.

    Perhaps corporate public relations needs to be this glue that helps all sections of a company comunicate their goals and achievements and ensures that all stakeholders can engage and participate with them to create the trust needed in that society. As you say, they've got some great innovation, heritage and business system prowess upon which to build.

    Posted by: Tristan at May 3, 2006 10:32 PM



    This is an interesting post to say the least. I think the same conditions that exist in Germany are present in the US. American companies need a "Brand America" campaign. Unfortunately with globalization, its forces are prompting every company around the world to compete on price as consumers tend to see more and more products as commodities. Consumers want "more" but they want lower prices in order to consume even more. Innovation may not always yield lower prices initially, the easy way out has been to search for cheaper labor pools thus displacing potential loyal citizens/consumers of the brand. The caveat is that mass media influence i.e. PR will be invaluable in this global one world westernized economic system. At some point this business cycle is going to repeat itself similar to the Age of Mercantilism where governments partnered with business brands and went global to ascertain wealth and build loyalty and national pride back home. At some point I could see in Germany the government capitalizing on innovation by doing Ads that feature Mercedes, BMW and Audi/VW collectively promoting innovation "Buy Germany's best". In any event Pr/Marketing will continue to increase in importance as companies and countries try to inspire and maintain relevance.

    Posted by: Djuan at May 4, 2006 8:32 AM


    First of all: your 3 PR messages would be the right choice. But Sebastian Keil's opinion regarding a transparent communications model is right, I'm afraid. I've managed a workshop for IQPC about weblogs and issues management in Frankfurt last December and worked with a couple of communication officers of several companies you're mentioning above. Their prime interest was monitoring and not dialogue orientated forms of communicating. It's control - not opportunity - that matters. And that's not only an issue concerning blogs: it's an issue regarding corporate communications at all. We'll see more corporate blogs of DAX-companies in future and in front of the firewall. But it'll take much more time than I've ever expected.

    Posted by: Gerrit Eicker at May 10, 2006 12:28 PM


    You are pointing at a major tension in the stakeholder ecosystem: when consumers keep asking for cheaper prices, and shareholders expect quick returns on their investment, this can only be achieved by exerting maximal pressure on costs and salaries. Outsourcing is one of the ways to achieve this, resulting in the loss of local jobs. Trust disappears in the crack, and that's the problem for brand Germany - as for France, by the way: "design, innovation and caring for the environment" are great ID markers, but it doesn't put Wurst on the table. So you get a brand that isn't trust-based and not inclusive either. perhaps it is time to consider the European business model (Donalf Kalff)wiht its focus on sustainable growth.

    Posted by: Robert de Quelen at May 11, 2006 9:29 AM


    Robert,
    Fascinating piece on the European business model in today's NY Times on outsourcing. Note that 30% of jobs in Spain are temporary--employers are terrified of having full time employees because in a downturn, the cost of termination is huge. P--add URL of story please.

    Posted by: Richard Edelman at May 11, 2006 11:18 AM


    I think your article hits several points after working at Audi. I think Germany has a lot of problems that the people I feel do not want to realize these problems exist. As an intern in a German company, I can say that the Germans themselves are not happy with a 3% Mehrwertsteuer increase, a 500€ university administration fee and higher cost health insurance payments makes most Germans unhappy as well as very concerned about their country's economic future. Because of this, Germany needs to focus on Arbeitlösigkeit reform as well as overall government reform. The government needs to look at ways to give tax incentives to businesses and provide means possible to reform Germanys pension system. All of these issues raise tough questions with the heavily unionised German workforce making change difficult. Germanys future depends on the willingness of the unions to realise that they will need to give up more in order to globally compete with the world.

    Posted by: Jeff Alstadt at October 16, 2006 5:29 PM


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